The Teacing of Multicultural Education free essay sample

â€Å"To be not just effective, but to be the Approach† Maitha T. Rasonabe CED-02-601A Rizal Technological University Special Topics in Education (PROFED11) Ms. Lynn M. Besa Instructor INTRODUCTION: â€Å"Before we can transform the world, we must first transform ourselves† A demanding world that we are facing today challenged us to be a proactive teacher, a transformative one who is willing to start the change and engaged in a process of self-transformation. Teacher and student go together as well as the teaching and learning process, whereby the need for understanding cultural differences and the dynamics of culture contact in an increasingly diverse society is needed. Multicultural education promotes not only to teach â€Å"what† is the content and â€Å"how† to teach a particular subject area but it addresses that teachers must be responsive to honoring and celebrating the diversity of all the learners. That as teacher educators we must always consider that the learners is the center of the teaching and learning process. We will write a custom essay sample on The Teacing of Multicultural Education or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We must always think that an individual-learner is a complex well being with one or more differences that put gaps or boundaries to the learner and to the teacher. Multicultural classroom caters not only one set of learners; a â€Å"classrooms are culturally diverse† and we need to uncover this diversity. There is diversity if children who are different in views and perspective are present. This article would like to address the need for a transformation in teaching inside the classroom. This would discuss the important features of Multicultural Education in a laymen perspective. This article would also like to persuade and inform teachers and students on the needs for the teaching of Multicultural education. To what should be a teacher in a multicultural classroom? How should be the teaching and learning process? And what should be the implication of the teachers to their students? What is an ideal classroom setting and an ideal curriculum for learning in multicultural school? These are just some of the questions that I would like to address to you and I will try to give answers to these. DISCUSSION: The primary goal of multicultural education is to transform the school and to cater or to have equal opportunity to all the learners to learn. According to James Banks(2001), the primary goal of multicultural education is to transform the school so that the male and female students, exceptional students, and students from diverse cultural, social-class, racial, and ethnic groups experience an equal opportunity to learn. We do not simply mean a particular person or area for transformation but we are looking at the larger perspective for transformation. The proponent of the five dimensions of multicultural education Dr. James A. Banks had an interview on September 1998 issue by NEA Today Online readers. From that interview I’d knew the reason why he developed this five dimensions because he found out from his works with the teachers that many thought of multicultural education as merely content integration, so he developed the â€Å"five dimensions of multicultural education† to help educators see that content integration= putting the content in the curriculum is important, but it is only the first dimension and that multicultural education has at least five dimension. The five dimensions of multicultural education are as follow in lighter perspective. From different researches that I had I find hard to fully understand these five dimensions and my objective in presenting these five dimensions is to provide my readers an information that can easily understand which do not sacrifice the real meaning of each dimension. The first dimension is the content integration. That is how we get started. Teachers use examples to illustrate key concepts, we use the discipline through examples. Second, knowledge construction in this teachers help students to understand, investigate, and determine the understood cultural assumptions and frames of reference and perspective of the discipline they’re teaching. In other words we help student our learners to understand and also helps children to become more critical thinkers and readers and that is the knowledge construction process. Third, equity pedagogy with this teachers change their methods to enable students from diverse racial groups nd both genders to achieve, teachers modify their teaching styles so that they use a wide range of strategies and teaching techniques such as cooperative teaching, the use of simulation, role playing, and discovery. Fourth, prejudice reduction it seeks to help students develop positive and democratic racial attitudes. It helps students to understand hoe ethnic identity influenced by the context of schooling and attitudes and beliefs of dominant social groups. Fifth, empowering school cultures it involves restructuring the culture and organization of the school so that students from different racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, and language group experience equality. We are looking not just at individual classroom, but at the total school culture to see how to make it more equitable. We are trying to get rid of this traditional conception of teaching that was â€Å"filling up the bucket†, that if we talked about pedagogy, we are talking about teachers and students becoming learners together. The role of the teachers and students should be both active and not passive. In teaching and learning process where culture and background of the teacher is of different, let’s keep it in our mind that it’s not the race of the teacher, but a set of cultural characteristics that make the teachers effective with children of colors. Characteristics that knew the culture of children, who often live in the community, who understood the daily lives of the students, who could relate to the students, who understand students verbal and non-verbal cues. Teachers who made demands but warm demanders. Teachers who showed students that they cared. Teachers who had high expectation with their students, and believe with their students these are the characteristics of an Effective teacher. Teachers must have the good values and attitudes and experiences. How to be not just Effective but, to be the Approach Teachers have to be engaged in a process of self-transformation. It must start with us, â€Å"before we can transform the world, we must first transform ourselves†, the process of reading, a process of engaging with others, a process of understanding that the other is us and we are the other. Teachers must do these three things. And that is to know, to care, and to act. That in order to bring this reform and to bring about this self-transformation, we need knowledge, that we cannot do this in ignorance. But knowledge is not enough, we also have to care. Horace Mann said to the graduates of Antioch College in 1859, â€Å"be ashamed to die until you’ve won some victory for humankind†, so we have to care and we have to win victories. Those teachers can have these small victories. A victory once a day or once a week, in helping students feel needed, helping a student overcome, helping students feel better in school that day, it’s a small victory; a series of small victories. Finally, we need to act because as Dante said, the worst place in Hell is reserved for those, who in times of great moral crisis take a neutral position. We need to care and to act because in that way we can transform ourselves and help transform our world. As Margaret Mead said that â€Å"A handful people can change the world. IMPLICATION: Multicultural education is an approach to school reform, and movement for equity, social justice and democracy. It tries to provide students with educational experiences that enable them to maintain commitments to their community cultures as well as acquire the knowledge, skills, and cultural capital needed to function in the national civic culture and community. Embracing the pedagogy of multicultural education lead us also to promote peace to our students. We create mindset to our student to become critical thinkers, and to be sensitive inn all aspects of life. As stated above, the main point of view of this discussion is focus on the transformation of the school. But in order to bring about this change or transformation we must be reflective, we have to start within ourselves the transformation. As we always say; we cannot teach what we do not know, same with we cannot make a transformation to others without starting this in ourselves. Another is the KCA, the acronym that I gave to the process we should have for transformation. That is to know, to care, and to act, for ourselves and for others. The seven key characteristics discuss above, help us to uncover diversity in a classroom and to eliminate any form of discrimination and biases in teaching and learning process. That â€Å"education is for all†, and we offer equal opportunity to our learners to learn regardless of their diverse culture, racial, socioeconomic status, cultural background, language group. To implement multicultural education, teachers and administrators must attend to these five dimensions of multicultural education. As future educators we must be aware of our student’s differences. We must be familiar with the approaches, methods and learning styles that are applicable in addressing the needs of our students. We must be sensitive at all times and have the set of good values and characteristics as teachers. That we are not only responsible in teaching our lessons but we are also responsible in building good values, attitudes and experiences to our students. Multicultural Approach cultivates a school environment that celebrates diversity, support mutual acceptance of respect for an understanding of human differences. References: Gorski, Paul C. 7 Key Characteristics of a Multicultural Education Curriculum. http://www. edchange. org/multicultural/resources/ct_characteristics. html Banks, James A. and Tucker M. †Multiculturalism’s Five Dimensions. †NEA Today Online. http://www. learner. org/workshops/socialstudies/pdf/session3/3. Multiculturalism. pdf Multicultural Education-History, The Dimensions of Multicultural Education, Evidence of the Effectiveness of Moral Education. http://education. stateuniversity. com/pages2252/Multicultural-Education. html#ixzz2L0tTcMZs

Free Essays on Donald Locke

Donald Locke: â€Å"The Road to El Dorado: 12 Years in Atlanta† From now through April 4, 2003, the City Hall Gallery East features artist Donald Locke and his exhibition â€Å"The Road to El Dorado: 12 Years in Atlanta†. In Locke’s one-man exhibition at the gallery, part of its ongoing Master Series, initiated to honor artists of longstanding distinction, various bodies of work are featured including mixed-media paintings, collaged drawings, and two bodies of sculptures. The artwork in this exhibition was very interesting. With a plethora of symbolism Locke incorporated various cultural and political ideas into his pieces. Installed by Atlanta artist Freddie Styles, the show encompasses work from 1991, when Locke moved from Guyana to Atlanta, to the present. Just as the artist continually returns to his past, he also returns to a range of themes and techniques in his drawings and paintings. A majority of his body of work exert a powerful presence over viewers, becoming more potent when presented in a group. They bring together Locke’s observations and life story of his past in Ghana. His paintings are layered with certain images and forms that utilize black as the dominant color. The medium used is a blend of black washes to form gestured forms combined with clay and straw mixed with paint to add texture. An array of photocopied photographs- of Locke’s own figurative sculptures, photographs of anonymous individuals both African American and Caucasian American- are visible through the washes of paint creating a layered effect. The artist also includes spots of red and blue paint, most likely used to represent tribal markings and to make the drawings alive with color and vibrancy. Another area of Locke’s exhibition features his work in sculpture. In his sculptures the representation of the human form and the female nude, which he often presents headless and often armless, was both remarkable and breathtaki... Free Essays on Donald Locke Free Essays on Donald Locke Donald Locke: â€Å"The Road to El Dorado: 12 Years in Atlanta† From now through April 4, 2003, the City Hall Gallery East features artist Donald Locke and his exhibition â€Å"The Road to El Dorado: 12 Years in Atlanta†. In Locke’s one-man exhibition at the gallery, part of its ongoing Master Series, initiated to honor artists of longstanding distinction, various bodies of work are featured including mixed-media paintings, collaged drawings, and two bodies of sculptures. The artwork in this exhibition was very interesting. With a plethora of symbolism Locke incorporated various cultural and political ideas into his pieces. Installed by Atlanta artist Freddie Styles, the show encompasses work from 1991, when Locke moved from Guyana to Atlanta, to the present. Just as the artist continually returns to his past, he also returns to a range of themes and techniques in his drawings and paintings. A majority of his body of work exert a powerful presence over viewers, becoming more potent when presented in a group. They bring together Locke’s observations and life story of his past in Ghana. His paintings are layered with certain images and forms that utilize black as the dominant color. The medium used is a blend of black washes to form gestured forms combined with clay and straw mixed with paint to add texture. An array of photocopied photographs- of Locke’s own figurative sculptures, photographs of anonymous individuals both African American and Caucasian American- are visible through the washes of paint creating a layered effect. The artist also includes spots of red and blue paint, most likely used to represent tribal markings and to make the drawings alive with color and vibrancy. Another area of Locke’s exhibition features his work in sculpture. In his sculptures the representation of the human form and the female nude, which he often presents headless and often armless, was both remarkable and breathtaki...

Business Decision Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 4

Business Decision Making - Essay Example The management focuses on the application of various research methods. Research companies shall interview tablet users in the South East market. The researcher will also use both structured and unstructured interviews to obtain information on the product. Interviews will provide both qualitative and quantitative methods. The researcher should minimize chances of nonrespondence by approaching the subjects appropriately. Flexibility will be integrated in the interview process in order to maximize information obtained (McKee, 2014, 1). Similarly, researchers will use questionnaires. Mailed questionnaires will be randomly sent to tablet users on a random basis. The researcher should consider the cost of sending feedback from the respondents (Elvis, 2010, 56). Prepaid stamps should be used to cushion the respondents on the mailing costs. Moreover, the researcher may obtain primary data on the market trends. A market analysis will provide quantitative and qualitative data. Researchers can request electronics’ suppliers to furnish them with sales records on tablets. Alternatively, researchers can use secondary data from electronic databases. Sales records will provide detailed information on consumer demand of tablets. Data on consumer preferences will be obtained. The company encourages researchers to apply any other research methods provided they avail adequate data. The objective of the proposed research is to obtain as much data from customers as possible. Particularly, qualitative data providing information on consumer taste and preference is of great importance. The researcher should obtain data on the prevailing market price of the various tablets available in the market. The information obtained will enable the management come up with a price that will maximize revenue for the company. Consumer demand pattern should also be obtained as it will help the company predict expected demand with a high degree of

Media Centrism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Media Centrism - Essay Example Media centrism refers to the discriminatory reporting of new or past issues by the conventional journalists. It broadly entails a media position about particular social agendas that in turn reflects their support or public acceptance. Therefore, media centrism usually entails the opinionated coverage of political systems, environmental occurrences or other social issues such as diseases (Fuchs, 2011, pp. 297). Media centrism is not a new concept; journalists have perfected the art for purposes either enhancing or tarnishing the public image. Journalists or media houses give preference particular issues. The liking demonstrates the length of airtime and breadth of coverage and analysis. In most instances, media centrism manifests in the reporting of election campaigns. A journalist might decide to cover entirely an event and provide and positive description of the process. On the other hand, the media provides little coverage for an event they do not like. Media centrism also demonstr ates in reporting of gender or cultural issues. In this instance, a journalist may provide an analysis that supports or opposes the gender policies (Daniele Albertazzi, 2013, pp. 130). Media reporting should be neutral on pertinent issues. The reporting should also give the listeners or viewers the opportunity to make informed decisions. Hence, media centrism violates media laws and ethical reporting. It denies the listeners or viewers the opportunity to get real-time information. Besides, media centrism also neglects the different ideologies that people possess. Hence, the reporting in some way disregards people’s diversity and cultural viewpoints. Particular examples of media centrism include the following (Fuchs, 2011, pp. 298). British Broadcast Corporation is discriminatory reporting during the Lebanon War in 2006. Israeli authorities claimed the corporation favored Hezbollah. Hence, they refused media interviews and barred BBC news during the entire period.

Ion chromatography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ion chromatography - Essay Example After the discovery of X-rays and the establishment of association of absorption characteristics and atomic number of an element, X-rays have been widely used for analytical and diagnostic purposes. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) developed in to two modes of analysis; wavelength dispersive spectrometry (WDXRF) or isolation of narrow wavelength bands by diffraction through a crystal and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDXRF) using proportional detectors for isolation of narrow bands (figure 1). XRF is widely used for quantitative analysis of almost all elements of periodic table with accuracies up to tenth of a percent and at concentrations as low as few ppms (Jenkins, 2000). Figure 1: Energy Dispersive & Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescent Spectroscopy PROPERTIES OF X-RAYS X-rays form a part of the electromagnetic spectrum between the wavelength ranges of 0.01-10nm. X-rays are produced when an accelerated electron collides with a target element thereby losing energy; the l ost energy forming the X-rays. Less than 1% of the lost energy is used for X-ray production, rest being lost as heat. Ek = eV = 1/2mv2 Where, Ek – kinetic energy, e – Charge of electron (1.6 ? 10-19 C), V – Applied voltage, m – Mass of electron (9.11 ? 10-31 kg), v – Velocity of electron (m/s) Figure 2: X-ray spectrum of Mo at different voltages (Menke) PRINCIPLE Deceleration of an incident high energy electron beam by atomic electrons of the sample leads to emission of a band of radiations of broad wavelength termed continuum or white or polychromatic radiation or ‘bremsstrahlung’ (German for breaking radiation) (figure 2). For a sample comprising of multiple elements, white radiation leads to excitation of characteristic lines enabling identification of the constituent elements (Jenkins, 1999). X-ray beam with energy (E) incident on an element with binding energy (?) of the atomic electrons, such that E > ? might lead to emission of electrons from its orbital position. This phenomenon is known as photoelectric effect. Kinetic energy of the emitted electron = E-? The photoelectric effect results in formation of a characteristic peak when the hole in the inner shell is filled by a higher energy electron from the outer shell (figure 3). Figure 3: Schematic Representation of an X-ray Fluorescence Process (K, n=1; L, n=2; M, n=3) (Menke) However, each incident X-ray beam does not lead to single transition, but since atoms comprise of multiple orbitals, multiple transitions are possible. Each of these transitions result in a number of XRF peaks in the spectrum and are characteristic of the sample element (figure 4). Contrary to this some holes are filled by an internal rearrangement process (Auger effect) and therefore, do not result in characteristic spectrum. Fluorescent Yield = Number of holes resulting in Characteristic photon emission/ Total Number of holes For elements with low atomic number the fluorescent yie ld is very small. Moreover, fluorescent yield for L transitions is lesser than that for K transitions and that for M is even lesser. Selection rules for normal lines in spectral diagram require the principal quantum number (n) to change at least

Tourism Education And Work Experience

Tourism Education And Work Experience Tourism education supply has faced a rapid growth over the past three decades (Micheal Morgan, 2004). It is a global phenomenon (Joseph Joseph, 2000) and the reason behind is to guarantee qualified and well trained employees on the tourism employment market as demands keep on growing (M.S, Mohd Zahari, 2004). Both the government and the private sector play an important role in the provision of tourism education; at secondary and tertiary level. In Mauritius, tourism education undergoes a pyramid-type program system; meaning that tourism curricula is available a secondary programme, diploma, undergraduate and postgraduate programmes (Tertiary Education Commission, 2010). Tourism education has been criticized for producing a tourism workforce regardless of the quality. Quality workforce is of great influence as it plays a key role in organizations meeting customers expectations and satisfaction (Evans Lindsay, 1999; Zeithaml et al., 1990). As students embark on tourism education programmes, it is expected that they come out with high quality knowledge, skills and the ability to meet the needs of the industry (Goeldner and Ritchie, 2006; Harris and Zhao, 2004; Kok, 2000). Szambowski et al (2002) put forward that significant emphasis should be placed on students gaining practical experience outside the classroom learning environment. However, increase in offers for tourism education has raised an alarm about graduates having difficulties in finding a tourism job in the coming decades. But still, the industry needs the services of qualified and committed workforce to impact positively on customers satisfaction of experience. To meet the industry demand, work experience has been added to tourism curricula to equip students with the technical, operational and professional skills under the form of internship. Bullock, Gould and Hejmadi (2009, p. 482) cited that internships have enhanced their understanding of their own life choices, enabled the acquisition of transferable skills and provided a tangible link between theory and application. It is the tool that gives students the opportunity to examine career possibilities in a realistic and real world environment and to explore a possible fit with a particular enterprise (Kapoor, 2000; Waryszak, 1999). Several researches were carried out in accordance to work experience and its importance in the tourism and hospitality perspective. It is essential according to Getz (1994) to investigate how work experience changes attitude and perception of students towards tourism and hospitality careers. Demonte Vaden (1987) stated that the factor that had the greatest influence on students decision for a tourism career was work experience. Further findings supposed that it may discourage students to enter the industry, instead of them looking forward to pursue a tourism career (Busby, 2003; Boud, Solomon Symes, 2001). Tourism as an employer There has been a rapid ascendancy of tourism to the worlds largest industry since the whole world continues to travel in a robust manner. Tourism as a sector has grown more rapidly than the total employment in the world economy (WTO, 2005; WTTC, 2005a). It is a service oriented industry, based on a labor intensive production system, meaning that employees play a major role in the delivery of products and services that influence the overall tourism experience (Chellen Nunkoo). Statistics depict out that world tourism employment is estimated at 258.6 million year to date, which is approximately 8,3% of total employment and it is forecasted to increase by a percentage of 2.3% per annum, to reach a figure of 323.9 million by 2021. These jobs include both direct and indirect employment (Justin Matthew Pang, 2010). Direct employment refers to the jobs helping in the creation of the business itself while indirect jobs refer to businesses producing goods and services that assist in supplying visitors and travelers directly (Justin Matthew Pang, 2010). Direct employment in the tourism industry is 99 million to date and it is forecasted to increase to 120 million by 2021 (WTTC, 2007). In Mauritius, for the year 2011, total tourism employment is figured at 28 039 (Survey of employment and Earnings in large Establishments). Beside such statistics, Li (2007) put forward that there will be a shortage of talent in the industry but this goes in contradiction to what Evans (1993) and Busby (1994) mentioned. They both put forward that the trend on increasing application for tourism related courses will accordingly, result in a surplus of graduates on the tourism labor market. Tourism has proved to be a major employer and contributor to the world economy. But still, the tourism industry is being criticized for creating low skilled and low paid jobs with low satisfaction, high level of staff turnover, waste of trained personnel and limited scope for promotion (Kusluvan and Kusluvan, 2000; Chellen and Nunkoo, 2010; Richardson, 2008; Richardson 2009; Roney and ÃÆ'-ztin, 2007). Such critics give rise to one of the major challenge of the industry which is to attract and retain qualified and motivated staff. Employers across the world, whether large or small, face the same challenge; attracting and retaining people with the right skills and personal attitudes and attributes to deliver a quality experience to tourists. It is a sensible issue for the industry as the tourism sector depends much on people (Baum, 1999). One of the reasons why there is such a need for people is because of the nature of its guest services and also its late adoption of technology and newfangled management process (Bull, 1995). This global phenomenon of attracting and retaining qualified workforce was once an isolated case for some markets but it has made its way through, to the whole world industry. Although there is much literature about tourism, there is very few addressing students attitude and perception to further a career in the industry (Roney and ÃÆ'-ztin, 2007). Now that the phenomenon is widely spread, the need to investigate on the issue is becoming more and more important for the whole tourism universe. According to Chellen and Nunkoo (2010), this would be helpful to get a clear view of the status of tourism jobs in the human resources planning process for the tourism sector. While working on tourism and hospitality workforce development programs, knowing tourism job status is deemed bringing more accuracy for the preparation of inline strategies. Human Resource plans focuses on the employment needs of large international tourism organization, especially in hospitality, neglecting how students perceive tourism as an employer. It is necessary for tourism and hospitality providers to attend to one of their most precious assets, namely, their human resource, if they wa nt to be competitive on the marketplace. In fact it has been argued that without employees having a positive attitude towards their work, there is minimal chance for the organization to achieve customer satisfaction and loyalty, thus an advantage over competitors (Rosentbluth, 1991; Zeithaml Bitner, 1996). Various researchers have been questioning the reluctance of many students to embark themselves in a career in the tourism and hospitality industry. They started to investigate in secondary and tertiary institutions, where the potential new recruits are found. Students from secondary schools were those who were the least exposed to experience in the tourism industry. Ross (1994) conducted a research in a secondary school in Australia and results showed that they had high level of interest in working at management level the tourism industry. Further researches were carried out at tertiary level as well as vocational institutions. Barron and Maxwell (1993) studied the perception of new and continuing students at Scottish higher education institutions and found that while students recognized the career opportunities attached to the tourism and hospitality industry, the majority could not foresee a long-term career in the industry. This is further confirmed by Johns and McKechnie, (1995) who stated that 50% of students choose careers out of the industry upon completion of their studies. Richardson (2008) research on Australian students revealed that more than 50% of tourism and hospitality undergraduate students were already contemplating careers outside the industry. According to Richardson (2009) the students look for job in more remunerative sectors upon graduation. Bloome (2006) cited that many students who embark on a tourism and hospitality curriculum do not join the tourism and hospitality industry upon graduation. Students complained not having the opportunity to develop managerial skills in tourism jobs according to Purcell Quinn (1995) while Casado (1992) investigated the basic expectations of students in the tourism and hospitality sector, and found their expectation to be fairly realistic before graduation. Students failing to integrate the industry for work result in wastage of trained and experienced personnel and above all, high staff turnover (Doher ty, Guerrier, Jamieson, Lashley Lockwood, 2001; Jenkins, 2001; Pavesic Brimer, 1990; Zacerreli, 1985). According to Kusluvan (2001), it is important to understand the attitude of students in order to gain an insight as to why many of them are disinclined to join the line or choose to leave the industry after a relatively short period. In order to understand this, Kusluvan (2003), states that it is important to see the perspectives of students who are currently pursuing a tourism and hospitality curriculum and those who have graduated. For the purpose of this research, only those ongoing a tourism curriculum will be questioned. Students opinion about jobs in the tourism sector get them to be reluctant in majoring a career in the tourism industry. Gu et al (2007) conducted a research in China and the students claimed that career development in the tourism and hospitality industry was not sufficiently promising. Furthermore, according to a research in China (Jiang and Tribe, 2009), students classified tourism job a short-lived profession. They were not committed to develop a career in the field where the nature of the tourism job itself, clearly affects their decision. Unlikely, there are actually, six million people employed in the tourism and hospitality industry in China. The statistics for tourism job in the country is forecasted to rise by one million in the next ten years. Students commitment to tourism jobs is what determines the prosperity of the sector on a worldwide avenue. As per Roney and ÃÆ'-ztin (2007), students commitment is one of the major factors that shape the image of the tourism industry positively. Through exposure to the industry, tourism and hospitality students become considerably less interested in selecting tourism and hospitality as their first choice for a career (Kusluvan Kusluvan, 2000; Getz, 1994). Students compare their expected career goals to the offer of the tourism industry, and as they notice the negative gap between those two, their interest for the industry deteriorates. Their images of the industry include poor treatment of staff, little or no training given, and effort outweighing rewards. For students who choose tourism education as first choice and having a clear view of what they will be facing in reality, their attitude towards working in the industry are positive (Lu and Adler, 2009). Those who embark on a tou rism education trek without realistic knowledge of the career opportunities and working conditions, claim that they would have not done so if they had a proper career guidance and orientation right from the start at secondary level (Roney ÃÆ'-ztin, 2007). Hence according to Kusluvan and Kusluvan, proper measures like efficient career guidance and orientation, written exam supplemented by interviews, psychometric tests like personality and service orientation tests, should be adopted to reduce uncertainties of future tourism students about tourism job. Most research pertaining to students perception and attitude towards the tourism industry end up stating that tourism students or fresh graduates had a negative image of the sector as an employer. Kusluvan Kusluvan certified his works by evidence that students have an unfavorable evaluation towards different dimensions of working in the tourism industry. According to Getz (1994), the percentage of people who considered the hospitality attractive decreased from 43% to 29% over the periods 1978 1992. This represents a nearly half percentage decrease in the statistics. Most hospitality graduates have been found to believe that a number of extrinsic factors, such as poor working conditions, high pressure, long working hours, and a lack of motivation, training programs, and career opportunities, may contribute to poor employment aspirations, high turnover rates, and the wastage of educational investment (e.g., Kang and Gould, 2002; Jenkins, 2001). This should be a cause for concern sinc e attitudes are considered to be effective predictors of intention and behavior (Ajzen and Fishbein, 1980), and negative attitude would make students less willing to look for tourism jobs. Several books and journals have been published on tourism, but very few were to address the issue of tourism students perception towards the tourism and hospitality industry in Mauritius. To enlighten the situation in Mauritius, this paper seeks to identify the factors influencing students perception and attitude towards furthering a career in the tourism sector in Mauritius. Though there is a lack of such literature pertaining to developing countries, the paper will try to adapt the research to the country which is a developing one and as well the fastest growing region in global tourism (Chellen Nunkoo). This paper aims at studying the attitude and perception of tourism undergraduate students towards a career in the tourism industry in Mauritius. To further understand how attitude and perception helps to predict ones intention to integrate the industry, this paper will make use of the Theory of planned behaviour (Ajzen, 1991), which predicts behaviour by intention. Then, to strictly measure the students attitude and perception, an instrument of 9 dimensions adapted from that developed and tested by Kusluvan Kusluvan (2000) will be used. The 9 dimensions are classified as nature of work, social status, industry person congeniality, physical working condition, pay and fringe benefits, co-workers, promotion opportunity, managers and commitment. Two likely studies have been carried out in Mauritius by Chellen and Nunkoo (2010) and a University of Mauritius tourism graduate (2011). However this paper, in addition to the 9 dimensions of Kusluvan and Kusluvan (2000), bring up the issue of work experience for differentiation, as a tool capable of shaping students attitude and perception towards a career in the industry upon graduation.

Free Awakening Essays: Romanticism :: Chopin Awakening Essays

Romanticism in The Awakening Even though it was written in the Victorian era, Kate Chopin's The Awakening has several romantic qualities, especially with the main character, as she struggles between society's obligations and her own desires. Chopin writes about a woman who continues to reject the society around her, a notion too radical for Chopin's peers. Edna Pontellier has the traditional role of both wife and mother, but deep down she wants something more, difficult to do in the restricted Victorian society. The typical Victorian woman maintained her sphere which deemed "women's personal lives center around home, husband, and children." (Victorian Women, p. 118). Women were supposed to happily accept this position in the home, and be satisfied. It never satisfied Edna, who always seemed out of place when with other women. She was a wife and a mother, but not the typical Victorian wife and mother. With regards to her children, "Their absence was sort of relief...It seemed to free her of a responsibility which she blindly assumed and for which Fate had not fitted her" (p. 18). Already she is revealing ideas uncommon in the Victorian era. She tries to maintain her roles, but it is very difficult for her. As the story progresses, Edna focuses on her desires rather than what her husband wants. She refuses to participate in the traditional role given to her as a woman. The romantic notion of individualism comes out as Edna decides to go out on a Tuesday afternoon rather than receive visitors. When her husband finds out, he is extremely upset. "'I should think that you'd understand by this time that people don't do such things; we've got to observe les convenances if we ever expect to get on and keep up with the procession'" (p. 51). Edna disregards her husbands appeal to conform and continues to do what she wants. Victorian society was not ready for a novel whose main character disregards the norm for her own happiness. The rejection Chopin received was mainly due to Edna's rejection of the traditions and the adultery aspect of the novel. Edna, caught up in a loveless marriage, resorts to adultery to keep herself satisfied. Edna follows her heart rather than reason when she pursues Robert Lebrun. In revealing her love for Robert, her romantic passion is expressed. "'I love you,' she whispered, 'only you; no one but you.

Joseph Conrad Essay

Joseph Conrad was born Joseph Teodor Konrad Korzenioski in 1857 in Berdichev, Ukraine. He officially changed his name to Joseph Conrad in 1886, when he became a British citizen (Liukkonen). Although Conrad discouraged people from interpreting his literature through analysis his life, his life did shape his writing. Much of his anti-imperialistic views could have sprouted in childhood, when he was under the rule of Russians the Ukraine. His father Apollo Korzeniowski was arrested for suspicious involvement in revolutionary activities (online-literature). Apollo spent much time writing plays and social satires. Although his works were not well known, they gave Joseph an early appreciation for literature. Apollo died of tuberculosis in 1869; four years the same disease claimed his wife, Conrad’s mother. Joseph, only 11, was sent to live with his uncle in Switzerland (online-literature). He went to school for a few years before convincing his uncle to let him go to sea in the mid 1870’s. In that decade he made three trips to the West Indies as an apprentice on a French merchant ship. He continued his career for 16 years on British ships, slowly rising in rank from common seaman to first mate. By 1886 Conrad held the command of his own ship, Otago. Heart of Darkness is based on his four month journey through the Congo in 1890 (Liukkonen). Years of work at sea gave him back problems from which he never recovered, and a unique, if ugly, view of the world. In an 1897 letter he explained his view: â€Å"What makes mankind tragic is not that they are victims of nature, it is that they are conscious of it. To be part of the animal kingdom under the conditions of this earth is very well – but as soon as you know of your slavery, the pain, the anger, the strife, the tragedy begins (Liukkonen).† In 1894, at the age of 36, Conrad gave up the sea life to focus on writing. He had started to care more about writing five years earlier, and carried a journal on his journey into the Congo which served as inspiration for Heart of Darkness (classic notes). When his uncle died, he left Joseph with enough money to live comfortably while he got started in literature. His first novel, Almayer’s Folly, was published in 1895. Charlie Marlow, the protagonist in Heart of Darkness first appears in Lord Jim, as the narrator. The novel is based loosely on the true story of a British steamship which, after springing a leak, was abandoned by her crew, leaving Muslim pilgrims aboard (Liukkonen). The protagonist, Jim, is one of the British officers who abandoned the ship. Conrad married an Englishwoman named Jessie George in 1896 and moved to Ashford, Kent, where he resided until he died of a heart attack in 1924. He was an influential, yet humble English author. He declined honorary degrees from five universities, and shortly before his death he refused an offer of knighthood (Liukkonen) . Joseph Conrad’s works were published years after his death. In 1983 a collection of letters and a diary of his experience in the Congo was published in five volumes. Conrad’s influence is seen in an array of acclaimed literature, including the works of F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, and T.S. Eliot (online-literature).

Profile of Ernst Stromer the Famous Paleontologist

Profile of Ernst Stromer the Famous Paleontologist Born into an aristocratic German family on 1870, Ernst Stromer von Reichenbach achieved fame shortly before World War I, when he participated in a fossil-hunting expedition to Egypt. His Famous Discovery In the course of a few weeks, from January to February of 1911, Stromer identified and unearthed a series of large bones buried deep in the Egyptian desert, which challenged his paleontological skills (as he wrote in his journal, I don’t know how to conserve such massive species.) After carting the bones back to Germany, he stunned the world by announcing the discovery of a new genus of    sauropod, Aegyptosaurus, and two huge theropods, Carcharodontosaurus and the bigger than a T Rex,  Spinosaurus. Unfortunately, subsequent world events were not kind to Ernst Stromer. All of his hard-won fossils were destroyed during a raid by the Royal Air Force on Munich in 1944, during World War II, and two of his three sons died while serving in the German army. There is a bit of a happy ending, though: his third son, presumed dead, had actually been held a prisoner in the Soviet Union, and he was repatriated to Germany in 1950, two years before his father’s death. Stromer died in 1952.

Spanish Verbs Meaning To Become

Spanish Verbs Meaning To Become Spanish has no single verb that you can use to translate to become. Your choice of verb typically will depend on the nature of change that occurs, such as whether its sudden or involuntary. Spanish also has a multitude of verbs that are used for specific types of change - for example, enloquecer often means to become crazy and deprimirse means to become depressed. Llegar a ser Llegar a ser typically refers to change over a long period of time, often with effort. It is often translated as to eventually become. Andrea Montenegro llegà ³ a ser considerada una de las modelos ms populares del paà ­s. (Andrea Montenegro came to be considered one of the countrys most popular models.)Es inevitable que todos lleguemos a ser ancianos. (Its inevitable that all of us will become old.)No creo que llegue a ser un problema. (I dont believe itll become a problem.)Lo ms importante para que un nià ±o llegue a ser bilingà ¼e es hacer que su desarrollo del lenguaje sea una experiencia agradable y positiva. (The most important thing for a child in becoming bilingual is making language development a pleasant and positive experience.) Ponerse The reflexive form of the common verb poner, ponerse, is often used to refer to a change in emotion or mood, especially when the change is sudden or temporary. It can also be used to refer to changes in physical appearance and many other traits and can apply to inanimate objects as well as persons. Cuando llegà ³ Antonio, su madre se puso feliz de tenerlo en casa. (When Antonio arrived, his mother became very happy to have him at home.)En aquel dà ­a me puse enfermo. (On that day I became sick.)Cuando el cielo se pone oscuro las mariposas dejan de volar. (When the sky becomes dark the butterflies quit flying.)No nos pongamos tristes. Se va a un lugar mejor. (Lets not become sad. Hes going away to a better place.) Hacerse Another reflexive verb, hacerse, usually refers to deliberate or voluntary changes. It often refers to a change in identity or affiliation. Admite que se hizo escritor por desesperacià ³n. (He admits that he became a writer out of desperation.) ¿Cà ³mo me hago miembro de Mensa? (How can I become a member of Mensa?)Vamos a hacernos millonarios. (Were going to become millionaires.)Mi padre nunca fue muy religioso, pero sà © que se hizo ateo aquel dà ­a trgico. (My father was never very religious, but I know that he became an atheist on that dreadful day.) Convertirse en This verb phrase convertirse en typically means to change into or to turn into. It typically suggests a major change. Although less common, transformarse en can be used in much the same way. Es el dà ­a que me convertà ­ en mujer. (It is the day I became a woman.)Nos convertimos en lo que pensamos. (We become what we think.)Me convertà ­ en una persona mucho ms feliz. (I turned into a much happier person.)Nos transformamos en lo que queremos ser. (We turn ourselves into what we want to be.)En la metfora, la oruga se transforma en mariposa. (In the metaphor, the caterpillar becomes a butterfly.) Volverse Volverse typically suggests involuntary change and generally applies to people rather than inanimate objects. Los jugadores se volvieron locos. (The players went crazy.)Con el tiempo, me volvà ­ perezoso y terminà © escribiendo. (With time, I became lazy and ended up writing.)Es la paradoja del ahorro: Si todos ahorramos, nos volveremos pobres. (Its the paradox of savings: If we all save, we will become poor.) Pasar a ser This phrase pasar a ser suggests change that occurs in the course of events. It is often translated as to go on to be. Pasà © a ser subordinada de à ©l. (I came to be his subordinate.)Pasamos a ser nuestro peor enemigo. (We are becoming our own worst enemy.)Al mismo tiempo, Europa pasaba a ser el mayor inversor extranjero en Argentina y Chile. (At the same time, Europe came to be the biggest foreign investor in Argentina and Chile.) Reflexive Verbs and Changes in Emotion Many verbs that refer to having emotions can be used reflexively to refer to a person becoming someone with a particular emotional state. Reflexive verbs can refer to other kinds of changes as well: Me aburrà ­ de la monotonà ­a. (I got bored with the monotony.)El soldado se exasperà ³ por la incapacidad de decisià ³n de sus jefes de guerra. (The soldier became frustrated by the inability of the war chiefs to make a decision.)Me alegrà © al ver el hospital. (I became happy to see the hospital.)Casi se atragantà ³ cuando vio los noticieros. (She almost became choked up when she saw the news.) Nonreflexive Verbs Denoting Change Many reflexive verbs denote change or becoming, but so do a smaller number of nonreflexive verbs: Milton enrojecià ³ cuando la vio. (Milton turned red when he saw her.)Las ideas buenas escasearon. (Good ideas became scarce.)La situacià ³n empeorà ³ con rapidez. (The situation quickly became worse.) Key Takeaways Spanish uses a variety of verbs to translate to become, the choice depending on what is changing and the nature of the change.Most of Spanish verbs of becoming are in the reflexive form.Spanish verbs exist for some highly specific types of change, such as enrojecer, to become red.

Blood Splatter Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Blood Splatter Analysis - Research Paper Example Blood spatter analysis was sensationalized during the O.J. Simpson trial. Bloodstain pattern analysis, hereinafter referred to as (â€Å"BPA†), began in the late nineteenth century. However, while it has been studied for such a long time, the science and exact art of bloodstain pattern analysis has only recently become a staple in crime scene analysis. The first known study of blood spatters occurred at the Institute for Forensic Medicine in Poland, by Dr. Eduard Piotrowski. His studies resulted in the publication of his book "Concerning the Origin, Shape, Direction and Distribution of the Bloodstains Following Head Wounds Caused by Blows." The study of BPA is a combination of physics, biology and math. The investigation can take place at the scene of the crime or through the pictures that crime scene investigators take at the scene of a crime. The first time that blood spatter became highly sensationalized was 1955 in a case called Ohio v. Samuel Sheppard. Since 1955 when Dr. Paul Kirk first presented a bloodstain evidence affidavit in State of Ohio v. Samuel Sheppard, expert testimony on bloodstain interpretation has gained wide acceptance in U.S. courts (James, 1998). At trial, an affidavit purported to be an expert opinion was submitted by Dr. Paul Kirk. This 1955 case landmarked one of the earliest instances of our legal system recognizing the importance of blood spatter analysis in investigating the scene of a murder. The testimony offered outlined the position of the murderer or suspect and that of the victim. Ultimately, despite strong objections, the testimony demonstrated that the victim was assailed by the defendant’s left hand. The initial step in the examination of blood at any crime scene is to be fully aware of how bloodstains are characterized. (Department, 1998). There can be no characterization without answering three crucial

HR Strategy Responding to a Union Organizing Drive Assignment

HR Strategy Responding to a Union Organizing Drive - Assignment Example My first approach in this case will be to create a communication bridge between the management and the workers by being friendlier with them. Unless and until each and every employee starts opening up, it will become difficult for me to discuss the issues with them. The employees need to realize the fact that the labour unions chosen by them were doing well in negotiations. The company on the other hand needs to be aware of all the rules of NLRA and also the fact that if the elections took place and the union was not voted then there would be an appeal. In a representation election representatives are given a decision of one or all the more bargaining agents or no illustrative whatsoever. To be confirmed as the bargaining delegate, a singular or a work association must appropriate a greater part of the substantial votes throws. My next step will be to ensure that the supervisors are taking proper care of the employees in sense that all the problems of the employees are being communic ated to the management on time. The supervisors are the representatives of the employees. It is their duty to receive the messages and deliver it to the management. In order to ensure this, I will be conducting a face to face meeting of the management, supervisors, and the employees where all the issues will be discussed. This will also maintain a transparency between everyone. In case the union is at fault, an election may be held by understanding between the head honcho and the singular or work association guaranteeing to speak to the representatives. In such an understanding the gatherings might state the time and spot coincided on, the decisions to be incorporated on the ticket, and a strategy to figure out who is qualified to vote. They might likewise sanction the NLRB Regional Director to lead the election. Collective bargaining is characterized in the Act. Segment 8(d) of NLRA, requires a business and the agent of its representatives to meet at